June 19, 2009

ROME — More than one billion people — a sixth of the world’s population — are now living in hunger, a historic high due largely to the global economic crisis and stubbornly high food prices, a United Nations agency said Friday.

Compared with last year, there are 100 million more people who live in hunger, meaning they consume fewer than 1,800 calories a day, the Food and Agriculture Organization said.

Almost all the world’s undernourished live in developing countries, where food prices have fallen more slowly than in the richer countries, the report said. Poor countries need more aid and agricultural investment to cope, it said.

“The silent hunger crisis, affecting one-sixth of all of humanity, poses a serious risk for world peace and security,” said the agency’s director general, Jacques Diouf.

Officials presenting the new estimates in Rome sought to stress the link between hunger and peace, noting that soaring prices for staples, such as rice, triggered riots in the developing world last year.

“Food security is one of our most critical peace and security issues of our time,” said Josette Sheeran of the World Food Program, another UN food agency based in Rome.

“A hungry world is a dangerous world,” she told reporters.

Hunger increased despite strong cereal production in 2009, and a mild retreat in food prices from the highs of mid-2008. However, average prices at the end of last year were still 24 per cent higher in real terms than in 2006, FAO said.

The global economic crisis has compounded the problem for people who must now deal with pay cuts or job losses. Individual countries have also lost flexibility in handling price fluctuations, as the crisis has made tools such as currency devaluation less effective.

The report said the urban poor would likely be hit hardest as foreign investment declines and demand for exports drops, and millions would return to the countryside, which could put pressure on rural communities and resources.

Globally there are now about 1.02 billion people living in hunger, up 11 per cent from last year’s 915 million, the agency said. It based its estimate on an analysis by the U.S. Department of Agriculture.

Asia and the Pacific, the world’s most populous region, has the largest number of hungry people, at 642 million.

Sub-Saharan Africa has the highest rate of hunger, with 265 million undernourished representing 32 per cent of the region’s population.

In the developed world, undernourishment is a growing concern, with 15 million now hungry, the report said.

The crisis also affects the quality of nutrition, as families tend to buy cheaper foods, such as grains, which are rich in calories but contain fewer proteins than meat or dairy products.

Diouf urged governments to immediately set up social protection programs to improve food access for those in need. He said small farmers should be helped with seeds, tools and fertilizers.

He urged structural, long-term changes, such as increasing production in low-income countries, noting that world hunger had been increasing before the financial downturn.

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